The major difference between AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting Algorithm is how the two algorithms identify the shortcomings of weak learners (eg. XML is a markup language that is used to organize and store data in a structured manner. not overlapping tags) is . g. PCDATA. The other part consists of markup. If the parentheses include the keyword #PCDATA or one of the other data types available in XML DTD, the element is a leaf node. Compare that with CDATA, where the characters are not to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. DTD stands for document definition. This is the combination of (#PCDATA) and children elements. Answer: If an element should contain plain text, you define the element using #PCDATA. PCDATA stands for “parsed character data”, and it refers to the text value of an element; “parsed” meaning that it can contain entities. <!DOCTYPE root-element [element-declarations]>. recall that an XML document is called valid if it is well-formed and has been validated against a DTD; validation is essentially checking that the XML document, viewed as a tree, is a parse tree in the language specified by the DTD; can use an online XML validator; each of the following has the same DTD specified (as on the. In addition to element names, the special symbol #PCDATA is reserved to indicate character data. Namespaces are not supported by DTDs. XML uses a DTD to describe the data Feedback The correct answer is: XML uses XSL to describe dataXML elements can be defined as building blocks of an XML document. An element that is defined to contain PCDATA can't contain any other element (no sub-tags). Because a DTD must declare the content model for each element used in the XML document, our DTD must include declarations for the. Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. In part 2 you will learn about the components of XML documents seen from a DTD perspective, and how to use them for the markup declarations in the DTD. Data also appears in documents. What is the password. ”. XHTML entities are escape sequences used to refer to special characters that are not so easy to enter them in a text document. Create a title for a new HTML element. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character data. XML – Elements, Attributes, Entity reference functionalists are define in DTD. The moniker PCDATA stands for parseable character data . XML also uses DTDs ( D ocument T ype D efinitions) to define the XML document structure. Question 6. edu 5 Beyond HTML • Limitations of HTML: – Extensibility: HTML does not allow users to specify theirSDATA=(CB,DM,ENQ,ERR,IO,LSQA,PCDATA,SUM,SWA,TRT),PDATA=ALLPDATA. Examination question paper: May 2018 Module code: Component number: CS5004 003 Module title: Emerging Programming Platforms and Technologies Module leader: Dr. Anything inside the square brackets ([]) constitutes the internal subset. . Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. If you need namespaces you really should be using a schema for a start (either W3C Schema or RelaxNG). Jul 20 '05 #3. What Is PCDATA? PCDATA stands for Parsed Character DATA. 0 Recommendation at the W3C defines a CData Section as fellows: Definition: CDATA sections may occur anywhere character data may occur; they are used to escape blocks of text containing characters which would otherwise be recognized as markup. types. View full document. DTD stands for Document Type Definition. Students also studiedthe keyword #PCDATA or one of the other data types available in XML DTD, the element is a leaf node. 1] and PCDATA content are said to have “mixed content” [Section 3. Refers to a combination of (#PCDATA) and children elements. A DTD allows you to create rules for the elements within your XML documents. It specifies the elements that can be present in the XML document, attributes of these elements, and their arrangement with relation to each other. a document type is defined by specifying the constraints which any document which is an instance of the type must satisfy. Students also studiedWhy such a convoluted rule for the head tag Why not just write ELEMENT head from COE coe at University Of the City of Manila (Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila)PCDATA stands for parsed character data, which includes regular text characters except <, &, or the sequence ]]>. Child elements are the elements that exist within a parent element. PCDATA stands for . This portion of the XML document contains textual data marked up by tags. The PCDATA stands for parseable character data. For example, See the XML below. When defining a new XML language, you must specify its grammar — what tags are allowed, what child-tags they may (or, must) contain. dtd” file. declares what is legal Define the elements your document can contain. DTD is the S markup language ( SGML , XML , HTML) technique used to define a structure of XML document. But we don't need that for our simple XML file. This element contains text only (PCDATA stands for "parsed character data" and is used to indicate text that may contain other tagged elements). xml notesThe syntax is: <!ELEMENT element (#PCDATA)> The keyword #PCDATA stands for “parsed-character data” and is any well-formed text string. 1. This is the combination of (#PCDATA) and children elements. Looking for online definition of PCDATA or what PCDATA stands for? PCDATA is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. PCDATA stands for Parseable Character Data. pdf from CSIT 128 at University of Wollongong. The GXSL class «pcdata» has no name and provides its own icon as shown in Figure 5. Tags inside the PCDATA will be treated as markup and entities will. d external reference. PCDATA: (Parsed Character Data): XML parsers are used to parse all the text in an XML document. It refers to text data in an XML document that has been parsed by the XML parser. Parsed Character Data) Empty element, no content. i've managed to do so , but all the data is being tagged as CDATA and not being parsed. Tags inside the PCDATA will be treated as markup and entities will be expanded. While the AdaBoost model identifies the shortcomings by using high weight data points, gradient. XML Schema. Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. The <!DOCTYPE> definition in the above document contains the reference to “bb. Within mixed content models, text can appear by itself or it can be interspersed between elements. What Is PCDATA? PCDATA stands for Parsed Character DATA. DTD: Element declaration An element can contain other elements <student> <firstName>John</firstName> <lastName>Smith</lastName> <email> [email protected] </email> </student> In DTD, we declare as follows: <!ELEMENT student (firstName,lastName,email)> It means, the. Looking for online definition of PCDATA or what PCDATA stands for? PCDATA is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronymsWhat does PCDATA stand for? What does PCDATA mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: PCDATA. 00 out of 1. PCDATA stands for “parsed character data”, and it refers to the text value of an element; “parsed” meaning that it can contain entities. In other words you can say that a parsed character data means the XML parser examine the data and ensure that it doesn't content entity if it contains that will be. Elements that contain both other elements and #PCDATA are said to have mixed content [Section 3. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, that is, text that is not markup. 00 out of 1. Answer: If an element should contain plain text, you define the element using #PCDATA. XML Character data (CDATA) is defined as Blocks of texts and a type of XML Node recognized by the mark-up languages but are not parsed by the parsers. " Elements with both element content [Section 3. 67. Get PCDATA full form and full name in details. • PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data. It is the normal data stored in any XML file that will be parsed by an XML parser. Using this example - <name>XML Tutorial</name> — the XML Tutorial part is the PCDATA. valid. parsed character data, or text. DTD XSD; 1) DTD stands for Document Type Definition. That doesn't work, since XML recognizes the < as a potential start of a new tag. That means the characters are to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. a. This is the combination of #PCDATA and children elements. Elements that contain both other elements and #PCDATA are said to have mixed content [Section 3. The purpose of a DTD is to define the legal building blocks of an XML document. Well-formed vs. You can also define (#CDATA), this stands for character data. We can also enter hi and blank lines, we still will not get any errors. Or you can tell the XML parser to not parse your data by placing it in a CDATA section: <data><! [CDATA [a < b]]></data>. 4. That means the characters are to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. 1]. An element is everything from the element's start tag to the element's end tag: <firstName>John</firstName> <lastName>Smith</lastName> In DTD, we declare element as follows: <!ELEMENT firstName (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT lastName (#PCDATA)> Here PCDATA stands for parsed character data. PCDATA. ppt), PDF File (. Originally based on XML Visual Quickstart Guide by Kevin Howard Goldberg, and notes therefrom by Jack Davis ([email protected] 5 Incorrect Mark 0. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character data. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and is the way you specify non-markup text in your DTDs. It's worth. The list of attributes that can appear within an element can also be specified via the keyword !ATTLIST. In this context, 'parsed' signifies that the relevant data is read and handled by a parser, which is usually an XML processor. XXE stands for XML External Entity which abuses XML data/parsers. PCDATA is the text that will be. Instructions also. Tags inside the PCDATA will be treated as markup and entities will be expanded. PCData Back This tool has the impressive restoring ability to create the exact same user accounts and restore data directly from a different volume or from Windows. Any elements defined in a DTD can be used in these documents, along with the predefined tags and attributes that are part of each markup language. Pcdata U. -- Richard. It contains deceleration of XML languages elements. Success! ans : webapp. keyword in a DTD document to declare an XML element. Elements that contain both other elements. Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. Simply put, PCDATA are data that are always recognized as markup. It is one of the best place for finding expanded names. Norman Walsh. The DTD can also define multiple ENTITY types - & and similar. This means that the data has been checked to make sure it is well-formed XML, and any special characters (such as "<" and ">") have been properly escaped. Tags inside the PCDATA will be treated as. FALSE. It is actually possible to specify that an element can contain both PCDATA and other elements. New Post. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data, which is roughly sim • A bar symbo For example, if your XML document models the components of a house you mig define an element, foundation, that contains another element, fl a <!ELEMENT foundation (floor) > <!ELEMENT floor (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST foundationmaterial (#PCDATA < Another s. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, that is, text that is not markup. XHTML entities are escape sequences used to refer to special characters that are not so easy to enter them in a text document. Share PCDATA Meaning page. DTDs check vocabulary and validity of the structure of XML documents against grammatical rules of appropriate XML language. XML does not require a DTD. Defining Web Document Types. In XML, PCDATA stands for "parsed character data": basically text. --#PCDATA stands for qualified characters--> <! ELEMENT name (#PCDATA) > <! ELEMENT lessons (#PCDATA. Figure 7b shows a simple document in this format, comprising a short book with two associated images. Head Office . : 4) DTD doesn't support namespace. Leaf elements are elements that have no child elements. (#PCDATA) must come first in the mixed content declarationwell-formedness constraint. It can fire events for every open and close tag, for # PCDATA and CDATA sections and also fires events for DTD’s, comments and Instructions. --> <!ELEMENT article (headline,description,authorid,pubdate,status,keywords,body)> <!-- CDATA stands for Character Data, this attribute can contain any string of characters or numbers. Question 7. Here are some basic rules about PCDATA: PCDATA is a string of characters and XHTML entities. Illegal: <!ELEMENT Section (title, (#PCDATA|i)*, section*)> Annoyances: element name clash Suppose we want to represent book titles and section titles differently Book titles are pure text: (#PCDATA) Section titles can have formatting tags: (#PCDATA|i|b|math)* But DTD only allows one titledeclaration! Workaround: rename as book-titleand DTD stands for Document Type Definition. However I would suggest that you try to avoid wraping html in xml, a cleaner way is to encode only your data in xml, then use. Elements that contain only other elements are said to have element content [Section 3. Well-formed vs. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, that is, text that is not markup. HTML entities are escape sequences used to refer to special characters that are not so easy to enter them in a text document. – Headquartered in the Netherlands, Pcdata also has a dedicated sales and support office for the North. This is what the above ch06-wonders. Same attribute in different elements. For example, See the XML below Rajeev 565-242-412 812768142 In the above sample While Parsing the XML. dtd). If the parentheses include the keyword #PCDATA or one of the other data types available in XML DTD, the element is a leaf node. For example, the definition for burns might be <!ELEMENT burns (#PCDATA | quote)*> 1 Answer. strip away extra white space. dtd” file that contains the DTD for above XML. The text consists of a stream of lines. #PCDATA stands for "parsed character data", meaning an XML parser should parse the characters to resolve character and entity references. The following is an example of a document that conforms to this DTD: This is the combination of (#PCDATA) and children elements. For example, the definition for burns might be<!ELEMENT element_4 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT element_5 ANY> DOCTYPE Declaration & DTDs : The document type (DOCTYPE) declaration consists of an internal, or references an external Document Type Definition (DTD). !DOCTYPE note defines that the root element of this document is note. Elements that contain only other elements are said to have element content [Section 3. Within mixed content models, text can appear by itself or it can be interspersed between elements. TYPES OF ELEMENT CONTENT • ELEMENT content. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, which is roughly similar to a string data type. Simply put, PCDATA are data that are always recognized as markup. And the answer is, remember, CDATA tag itself is in fact parsed. #PCDATA. When defining a new XML language, you must specify its grammar — what tags are allowed, what child-tags they may (or, must) contain. 2]. XML is a software and hardware dependent language used for carrying information. An XML document which is well-formed and meets the definitions in a DTD or schema isThe declaration for a title indicates that it contains only text: <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> The notation “ #PCDATA ” stands for “parsed character data”, which is essentially ordinary text. XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model. The moniker PCDATA stands for parseable character data . is Pcdata’s subsidiary for the North American market executing sales, project management and system implementations in the USA and Canada. For example, if we wanted to turn the example well-formed XML document we have just seen into a valid document, we would insert a line which would look like <!DOCTYPE people someDTDspec >PCDATA stands for parsed character data. In other terms, you can assume that a parsed character data implies. What does Pcdata stand for? Parsed Character Data (PCDATA) is a data definition that originated in Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and is used also in Extensible Markup Language (XML) Document Type Definition (DTD) to designate mixed content XML elements. – Headquartered in the Netherlands, Pcdata also has a dedicated sales and support office for the North. It is derived from S tandard G eneralized M arkup L anguage (SGML). XML stands for e X tensible M arkup L anguage. 3 gives an example of a DTD file. That means the characters are to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. 2. Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. Yes that is correct, PCDATA stands for processed character data, which means that the data goes through the xml parser, and html will cause it to raise an exception. Note that there is no notion of a "chapter" as. Sub-elements • An element that contains sub elements isIn the DTD, the symbol PCDATA stands for parsed character data, the normal text characters in an HTML document. b. XML is designed to replace HTML. B. a document type is defined by specifying the constraints which any document which is an instance of the type must satisfy. Relational Database Management System. When defining a new XML language, you must specify its grammar — what tags are allowed, what child-tags they may (or, must) contain. ANY means the element can contain any other element declared in the. Both 1 and 2. PCDATA means parsed character data. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, which is roughly similar to a string data type. The PCDATA stands for parseable character data. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and is the way you specify non-markup text in your DTDs. 4. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, which is roughly similar to a string data type. A DTD is a set of rules that constitute a grammar (also called schema) that defines the so-called XML application also called XML vocabular. The main benefit of DTD is to describe the structure of an XML file which have one put of elements, attributes, entities is itp. The moniker PCDATA stands for “parseable character data”. You can use it to avoid XML escaping special characters. If the parentheses include the keyword #PCDATA or one of the other data types available in XML DTD, the element is a leaf node. c. D. EMPTY means the element is an empty element. Place this in a file quotations-xml. Compare that with CDATA, where the characters are not to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. ” External subsets physically exist in a different file that typically ends with. c. Similarly, for attributes — what attributes are required on certain tags (like “ img ” tags must have a “ src ” attribute and otherwise be empty), and what the allowed values are for attributes. CS311 Final Term Quiz No. It refers to the standard text that is presented within a particular element when it is parsed by an XML parser. 1, 2006 Sheet 2 of 13 US 2006/0117307 A1 head => Khead> ing -- FIG. lt!ELEMENT element (PCDATA)gt ; The keyword PCDATA stands for parsed-character data and is any well-formed text string. No. PCDATA stands for "Parsed Character Data. End Declaration − Finally, the declaration section of the DTD is closed using a closing bracket and a closing angle bracket (]>). View full document. Elements with both element content [Section 3. PCDATA: (Parsed Character Data): XML parsers are used to parse all the text in an XML document. PCDATA. Elements that contain both other elements and #PCDATA are said to have mixed content. DTDs check vocabulary and validity of the structure of XML documents against grammatical rules of appropriate XML language. Raw Text:. Think of character data as the text found between the start tag and the end tag of an XML element. Defining Web Document Types 1. PCDATA is the text that will be parsed by a parser. 7. in an HTML document, one paragraph cannot be nested inside another. Using this example - <name>XML Tutorial</name> - the "XML Tutorial" part is the PCDATA. e. SAX doesn’t provide object model for you, therefore here we have to create our own custom object model and write a Event handler class that listens to SAX Events and does element to object mapping. For example, See the XML below. DTD: Element declaration An element can contain other elements <student> <firstName>John</firstName> <lastName>Smith</lastName> <email> [email protected] </email> </student> In DTD, we declare as follows: <!ELEMENT student (firstName,lastName,email)> It means, the element studentcontains elements. technically qualifies as allowing mixed content, but does not allow any elements to be mixed in. If the parentheses include names of other elements, these would be the children of the element in the tree structure. In the XML file, select "view source" to view the DTD. 2]. Such a content model is called mixed. In the DTD, the symbol PCDATA stands for parsed character data, the normal text characters in an HTML document. DTD Introduction. Figure 3. The term #PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data, which refers to the text in an XML document which will be parsed by an XML parser. g. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, that is, text that is not markup. • PCDATA – PCDATA stands for Parsed Character data. DTD syntax 5. PCDATA is the text that will be parsed by a parser. The moniker PCDATA stands for parseable character data . Syntax DTD: Stands for "Document Type Definition. But 'mixed' goes one step ahead and permits both text and elements to exist in the content of the declared element. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and is the way you specify non-markup text in your DTDs. The text consists of a stream of lines. #PCDATA stands for Parsed Character data. This type of DTD is declared outside the XML file with a separate file. 2. And the answer is, remember, CDATA tag itself is in fact parsed. It is used to define document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes. Parsed Character Data (PCDATA) Parsed means that the characters <, > and & are treated specially because they are tokens that introduce child XML structures. #PCDATA stands for Parsed Character DATA, which basically means the text. That means the characters are to be parsed by the XML, XHTML, or HTML parser. DTD stands for Document type definition. To have the external DTD declaration in an XML document, we must include the reference to the DTD file in the <!DOCTYPE> definition, as we have done in the following example. When defining a new XML language, you must specify its grammar — what tags are allowed, what child-tags they may (or, must) contain. PCDATA is the text that a parser must read from. com! 'Parsed Character Data' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. dtd available at through the XHTML 1. For machine-oriented records formats this generally means the data that comes directly. The moniker PCDATA stands for parseable character data . Elements that contain only other elements are said to have element content [Section 3. 2]. Elements can behave as a container to hold text, elements, attributes, media objects or mix of all. LEGAL XML FOR THE LEGAL INDUSTRY 107. 2. CDATA is not processed so what you put in is essentially what you get out. The rules for mixed content models are similar to the element content as discussed in the previous section. Your element declaration, <!ELEMENT input (#PCDATA)>. Physical & Cyber Domains (TRADOC) PCD. If the DTD is included in your XML source file, it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE definition with the following syntax:Chapter 27 XML: Extensible Markup Language Chapter Outline Introduction Structured, Semi structured, and Unstructured Data. PCDATA, which stands for Parsed Character Data, is a term used in the XML and SGML document languages. 4. DTD for RSS . We provide services to students and learners by presenting the latest, effective and comprehensive video lectures, notes, and. PCDATA stands for parsed character data, that is, text that is not markup. A DTD is a simple text file that contains the instructions for the elements contained within the corresponding XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements. Explanation: The pcdata data type allows an element to contain any text string. 2. An XML DTD can be either specified inside the document, or it can be kept in a separate document and. It is derived from S tandard G eneralized M arkup L anguage (SGML). Answer: If an element should contain plain text, you define the element using #PCDATA. 2. XHTML entities are escape sequences used to refer to special characters that are not so easy to enter them in a text document. Declarations of element type #PCDATA mean that XML Parsers will parse the text contents found between the start and end tags of an XML element that correspond to this DTD element. Parentheses can be nested when specifying elements. In other words you can say that a parsed character data means the XML parser examine the data and ensure that it doesn't content entity if it contains that will be replaced. While standard tag sets are derived, one can envision the potential for precise searching. PCDATA is the text that will be parsed by a parser. dtd">. It declares all of the document's element typesglossary, children element types, and. #PCDATA stands for Parsed Character data. : XSD supports namespace. In a full declaration, the children must also be declared, and the children can. Pcdata Inc. An XML document can have only a limited number of child elements. Character data (CDATA) is just like PCDATA, except the parser will not expect child XML content to be embedded in it. Example: Norwegian øæå or French êèé. Unlock the Power of Placement Preparation! Feeling lost in OS,. Gradient Boosting trains many models in a gradual, additive and sequential manner. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and is the way you specify non-markup text in your DTDs. A DTD is a simple text file that contains the instructions for the elements contained within the corresponding XML document. 2. DTD is the S markup language ( SGML , XML , HTML) technique used to define a structure of XML document. PCDATA is the text that will be parsed by a parser. XHTML entities are escape sequences used to refer to special characters that are not so easy to enter them in a text document. internal reference. XML – Elements, Attributes, Entity reference functionalists are define in DTD. 2. Elements that contain only other elements are said to have element content. CDATA also means character data. IST 421 Spring 2004 Lecture 6. Declarations of element type #PCDATA mean that XML Parsers will parse the text contents found between the start and end tags of an XML element that correspond to this DTD element. Question 7. Here are some basic rules about PCDATA: PCDATA is a string of characters and XHTML entities. Here you can see a simple document in this format, comprising a short book with two associated images. Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document. XML uses a description node to describe data c. e. A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document. In the XML file, select "view source" to view the DTD. In this version only MIME style base64 encoding is supported by the specification. XML - DTDs. tcl, so that other users can retrieve the data by visiting that agreed upon URL. 00 Flag question Question text There is a way of describing XML data, how? Select one: a. Cross-site Scripting is one of the most prevalent vulnerabilities present on the web today. Example: <!ELEMENT name. PCDATA should be used when the data being stored in an XML document is plain text. !ELEMENT from defines the from element to be of type "#PCDATA". And the card can have any sort of text within it. If the parentheses include the keyword #PCDATA or one of the other data types available in XML DTD, the element is a leaf node. When defining a new XML language, you must specify its grammar — what tags are allowed, what child-tags they may (or, must) contain. View full document. Add rules to an XML document that enforce structure Document Type Definition(DTD) XML Schema. PCDATA is the text that will be parsed by a parser. DTD Introduction 2. An element is everything from the element's start tag to the element's end tag: <firstName>John</firstName> <lastName>Smith</lastName> In DTD, we declare element as follows: <!ELEMENT firstName (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT lastName (#PCDATA)> Here PCDATA stands for parsed character data. This means that the data has been checked to make sure it is well-formed XML, and any special characters (such as "<" and ">") have been properly escaped. This means not merely a string of characters, but some entities that may have to be escaped or interpreted by the parser (browser) to have special meaning. Within mixed content models, text can appear by itself or it can be interspersed between elements. TYPES OF ELEMENT CONTENT • ELEMENT content. Within mixed content models, text can appear by itself or it can be interspersed between elements. VU CS311 Introduction to Web Services Development All online MCQs tests to study and preparation on NVAEducation. 1]. old, making it a great backup/restore solution for Windows reinstall, migration to SSD or bigger HDD, or simply to keep a safe backup copy of your data. Solved by verified expert. XML uses a DTD to describe the data Feedback The correct answer is: XML uses XSL to describe dataXML elements can be defined as building blocks of an XML document.